What type of authority is given to directors through articles or meetings?

Directors are granted express authority through the articles of association of a company or via decisions made in meetings. This type of authority is explicitly stated and defined, allowing directors to act on behalf of the company in specified ways.

Express authority is often found in the company's governing documents, such as the articles of association, which lay out the powers and responsibilities of directors. Additionally, decisions made during formal meetings can also delineate the specific actions that directors are authorized to take, thereby reinforcing their express authority.

The reason other types of authority do not apply in this context is due to their definitions: implied authority refers to powers that are not directly stated but are inferred from the director’s role; ostensible authority relates to situations where a third party may believe a director has authority based on the company’s representations, even if not expressly granted; while inherent authority pertains to the powers a director has by virtue of their position, separate from any formal documents or decisions. Therefore, express authority is the most precise description of the authority directors receive through company articles and meetings.