Which of the following best describes wrongful trading?

Wrongful trading is best described as a situation where a company continues to trade despite knowing that there is no reasonable prospect of avoiding insolvency. This concept is crucial in insolvency law, as it addresses the responsibilities of company directors to avoid further losses to creditors by recognizing the financial status of the company.

When directors allow a company to trade while being aware that it is insolvent or that there is no chance of recovery, they may be held personally liable for the debts incurred during that period. This is intended to protect creditors and ensure that directors act prudently when their company is nearing insolvency.

The other descriptions do not accurately capture the essence of wrongful trading. Trading with intent to deceive specifically relates to fraudulent activity, while trading that benefits shareholders does not consider the implications for creditors in insolvency situations. Lastly, trading without government approval may pertain to regulatory infringements but does not define wrongful trading within the context of insolvency law.