Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of automatically unfair dismissal?

Automatically unfair dismissal refers to situations where an employee is dismissed for reasons that are deemed to be inherently wrongful due to specific protected characteristics or actions. These reasons are recognized under employment law and are intended to protect employees from discrimination or retaliation in the workplace.

Pregnancy-related dismissal, taking steps to protect oneself from danger, and making a protected disclosure are all actions or circumstances that are explicitly recognized as grounds for automatically unfair dismissal. For example, if an employee is dismissed due to their pregnancy, it is recognized as inherently wrongful because it discriminates based on their status as a pregnant individual. Similarly, if an employee is terminated for refusing to work in an unsafe environment, this falls under protections provided for employees who are acting in the interest of their own safety and health. Making a protected disclosure about wrongdoing in the workplace is similarly safeguarded, as it encourages employees to report issues without fear of dismissal.

On the other hand, insubordination towards management typically does not fall under the category of automatically unfair dismissal. While insubordination can lead to dismissal, it does not engage the same protections as the other scenarios listed. It is treated more as a disciplinary issue, rather than a dismissal that is inherently unjust due to specific protective rights in law.

Therefore, the option