Which of the following is not a case law example for lifting the veil of incorporation?

The correct answer is that publicly traded companies are not case law examples for lifting the veil of incorporation. The concept of lifting the veil of incorporation generally applies when there is an attempt to disregard the corporate structure to hold the shareholders or directors accountable for the company's actions or debts.

In contrast to publicly traded companies, which maintain a distinct legal identity and are subject to regulations that promote transparency and protect investors, the other options often represent situations where the corporate veil is pierced.

For instance, in cases involving a group of companies where a subsidiary acts as an agent, the court may lift the veil to hold the parent company responsible for the actions of its subsidiary. Similarly, sham companies are established to deceive or mask true financial realities; the veil is lifted to uncover the realities behind such arrangements. To reveal national identity can also refer to circumstances where the corporate structure is used to obscure true ownership or intentions, necessitating the unveiling of the real individuals behind a corporation.

Publicly traded companies, however, typically operate under strict regulations designed to safeguard investors and ensure accountability, making them less likely to be subjected to veil-lifting concepts in legal practice.